The big question is: Did he use a Camera Obscura, an optical device to paint this?

他画这幅画是否用了暗箱这种光装置？

In the case of a telescope, the “bucket” is an optical device like a lens or a mirror that collects light.

对望远镜来说，“水桶”就是一种像透镜单面镜一样收集光线光装置。

AO systems use minutely adjustable mirrors and other optical devices, but they also rely heavily on computers to filter out the atmospheric noise from images.

自适应光系统使用微调镜和其他光设备，但也依赖计算机来过滤图像中大气噪声。

Scientists at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology list for short combined a specially designed spectrometer with a commercially available helium ion microscope to build a very high-resolution optical device capable of looking into these tiny worlds.

通过将特殊分光仪与市面上氦离子显微镜相结合，来自卢森堡理工院科家造了一个能够探索微型世界光仪器。